Dear Doctor: Would you please write about the risks of falls for the elderly, which can be fatal? The colonial houses in my area are dangerous and lead to many serious injuries and deaths. Now that so many of us are home alone more than ever, calling attention to this would be helpful.
Dear Reader: Thank you for bringing up a very important topic. Even before the coronavirus pandemic caused enforced isolation, falling had become the leading cause of injury-related death in people age 65 years and older. About 3 million older adults wind up in an emergency room each year due to a fall. More than 800,000 older adults are hospitalized each year due to serious injury. Even people who are lucky enough to get just a sprain or a bruise after falling can experience a marked decrease in their quality of life.
A common risk factor for falling is poor balance. This can be due to difficulty in walking, weakness in the lower body, foot pain, ill-fitting shoes, problems with vision and dizziness brought on by medications. Common hazards found inside the home include clutter, loose floor coverings, wobbly chairs or tables, extension cords, stairs, dim lighting, toilet seats that are too low, and slippery tubs or showers. Pets can also contribute to falling, both indoors and out.
To minimize risk, start with an inventory of potential hazards. Be honest about whether or not your balance is at all compromised. If balance is an issue, it’s important to ask your health care provider about using a cane or a walker for added stability. If it’s determined this will be helpful, then be sure to use these aids consistently. When physical weakness is part of the problem, your health care provider can suggest strengthening exercises that are tailored to your specific needs and abilities. Keep up with vision appointments, and always wear your glasses. And be aware of the potential side effects of any medications. Sleep aids, pain meds with “P.M.” in the name and some prescription medications can cause dizziness.
